Guinevere: The Legend in Autumn Read online

  Copyright

  Copyright © 2011 by Persia Woolley

  Cover and internal design © 2011 by Sourcebooks, Inc.

  Cover design by Susan Zucker

  Cover images © The Accolade, 1901 (oil on canvas), Leighton, Edmund Blair (1853-1922) / Private Collection / Photo © Christie’s Images / The Bridgeman Art Library International; cinnamonsaturday/iStockphoto.com; robynmac/iStockphoto.com; Angel_1978/iStockphoto.com

  Sourcebooks and the colophon are registered trademarks of Sourcebooks, Inc.

  All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems—except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews—without permission in writing from its publisher, Sourcebooks, Inc.

  The characters and events portrayed in this book are fictitious or are used fictitiously. Any similarity to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental and not intended by the author.

  Published by Sourcebooks Landmark, an imprint of Sourcebooks, Inc.

  P.O. Box 4410, Naperville, Illinois 60567-4410

  (630) 961-3900

  Fax: (630) 961-2168

  www.sourcebooks.com

  Originally published in 1993 by Pocket Books.

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

  Woolley, Persia,

  Guinevere, the legend in Autumn / by Persia Woolley.

  p. cm. — (The Guinevere trilogy ; bk. 3)

  (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Guenevere, Queen (Legendary character)—Fiction. 2. Arthurian romances—Adaptations. 3. Queens—Great Britain—Fiction. I. Title.

  PS3573.O68G85 2011

  813’.54—dc23

  2011031257

  Contents

  Front Cover

  Title Page

  Copyright

  Map of King Arthur’s Britain

  Cast of Characters

  Preface

  Prologue

  Chapter I

  Chapter II

  Chapter III

  Chapter IV

  Chapter V

  Chapter VI

  Chapter VII

  Chapter VIII

  Chapter IX

  Chapter X

  Chapter XI

  Chapter XII

  Chapter XIII

  Chapter XIV

  Chapter XV

  Chapter XVI

  Chapter XVII

  Chapter XVIII

  Chapter XIX

  Chapter XX

  Chapter XXI

  Chapter XXII

  Chapter XXIII

  Chapter XXIV

  Chapter XXV

  Chapter XXVI

  Chapter XXVII

  Chapter XXVIII

  Chapter XXIX

  Chapter XXX

  Chapter XXXI

  Chapter XXXII

  Chapter XXXIII

  Chapter XXXIV

  Chapter XXXV

  Chapter XXXVI

  Chapter XXXVII

  Epilogue

  An excerpt from Queen of the Summer Stars

  Reading Group Guide

  About the Author

  Back Cover

  To the children and family who understood that a deadline sometimes cut Christmas down to a phone call rather than a visit;

  to my father, William C. Higman;

  and to my high school teacher, John Chaney, whose comment “Of course you can” led to my tackling this entire project.

  Cast of Characters

  House of Pendragon

  Arthur—King of Logres, High King of Britain

  Guinevere of Rheged—Arthur’s wife, High Queen of Britain

  Mordred—Arthur’s son

  Igraine—Arthur’s mother, wife of Uther, High King of Britain

  Morgause—daughter of Igraine by her first husband, Gorlois

  Morgan le Fey—daughter of Igraine by her first husband, Gorlois

  Cei—Arthur’s foster brother and Seneschal of the Realm

  Bedivere—Arthur’s foster brother and wise counselor

  House of Orkney

  Morgause—widow of King Lot, half sister of Arthur

  Gawain—son of Morgause

  Gaheris—son of Morgause

  Agravain—son of Morgause

  Gareth—son of Morgause

  Mordred—son of Morgause

  House of Northumbria

  Urien—King of Northumbria, husband of Morgan

  Morgan le Fey—half sister of Arthur, wife of Urien, High Priestess and Lady of the Lake

  Uwain—son of Morgan and Urien

  Brittany Faction

  Lancelot of the Lake—Arthur’s best friend and lieutenant

  Ector de Mans—Lancelot’s half brother

  Bors—brother of Lionel and cousin of Lancelot

  Lionel—brother of Bors and cousin of Lancelot

  Belliance—protégé of Lancelot

  Melias—protégé of Lancelot

  Lavaine—protégé of Lancelot

  Kanahins—protégé of Lancelot

  Nerovens—protégé of Lancelot

  Urr—protégé of Lancelot

  House of Pellinore

  Pellinore—warlord of the Wrekin

  Lamorak—Pellinore’s eldest son in wedlock

  Perceval—Pellinore’s youngest son in wedlock

  Amide—one of Pellinore’s many illegitimate children

  Other Members of the Round Table Fellowship

  Accolon of Gaul—Morgan le Fey’s lover

  Agricola—Roman King of Demetia

  Vortipor—arrogant nephew of Agricola

  Bagdemagus—warlord of Dorset

  Cador—Duke of Cornwall

  Constantine—Cador’s son and successor

  Colgrevance—warrior friend of Gawain’s from the Continent

  Dinadin—Tristan’s best friend

  Florence—warrior friend of Agravain

  Geraint—King of Devon, husband of Enid

  Gingalin—son of Gawain and Ragnell

  Griflet—Master of the Kennel and husband of Frieda

  Ironside—aging warrior

  Lovel—warrior friend of Agravain

  Lucan—Arthur’s Gatekeeper and butler

  Palomides—slave-born Arab, lover of Isolde

  Pelleas—husband of Nimue

  Petroc—warlord from Devon

  House of Carbonek

  Pellam—wounded King of the Waste Land

  Elaine—his beautiful daughter, lover of Lancelot

  Galahad—son of Elaine and Lancelot

  House of Cornwall

  Mark—King of Cornwall

  Isolde—Mark’s child-bride from Ireland

  Tristan—nephew to Mark, Isolde’s lover

  Women of Camelot

  Brigit—Irish foster sister to Guinevere

  Brisane—governess to Elaine of Carbonek

  Enid—sharp-tongued lady-in-waiting, wife of Geraint

  Lynette—daughter of Ground’s Keeper in London, wife of Gareth

  Vinnie—Roman matron in charge of ladies-in-waiting

  Various Heads of State

  Anastasius—Emperor in Constantinople

  Clovis—King of the Franks

  Theodoric the Great—Ostrogoth King of Italy

  Other Characters

  Mr. and Mrs. Badger—gardener and housekeeper at Joyous Gard

  Bercilak—Charcoal burner and prankster who is one of the Ancient Ones, half-civilized, half-wildman

  Cathbad—Druid who was Guinevere’s childhood teacher

  Cerdic—Saxon leader who challenged Arthur at Mount Badon

  Cynric—Cerdic’s son, kept as
a peace-hostage after the Battle of Mount Badon

  Dagonet—Arthur’s Court Jester

  Frieda—Saxon milk-maid, wife of Griflet

  Gildas—past suitor of Gwen, monk and student of Illtud

  The Green Man—an Ancient God who may or may not be a figment of everyone’s imagination

  Gwyn of Neath—horsebreeder and builder of the Hall on Glastonbury’s Tor

  Gwynlliw—representative of warlords in Dorset hill-forts

  Illtud—Prince/warrior who became a monk

  Kimmins—crofter in the Cheviot Hills

  Maelgwn—Guinevere’s cousin, King of Gwynedd

  Merlin—Arthur’s tutor and mentor, the Mage of Britain

  Nimue—Priestess and protégé of Merlin, wife of Pelleas

  Ragnell—leader of nomadic Ancient Ones, lover of Gawain

  Riderich—Arthur’s bard

  Taliesin—peasant boy who becomes a famous bard

  Wehha the Swede—leader of East Anglian Federates

  Wuffa—Wehha’s son

  Yder—brother of Gwyn of Neath

  Preface

  I love prefaces because they are the author’s chance to say to the reader, “Here’s what I’ve been thinking about for a book—if you’re interested, let’s explore the matter together.”

  In this particular case, my idea is to explore the stories of King Arthur’s Camelot from a realistic point of view, looking for the character types and adventures that could have planted the seed from which the legend grew.

  This business of looking for the human story behind a legendary tale is called “euhemerism,” and a number of other authors have employed it over the years, from Mary Renault to Parke Godwin and Morgan Llywelyn. It has also been used by archeologists, the classic example being Schliemann’s discovery of the site of Troy as a result of his treating The Iliad as a historical rather than fictional account of the Trojan War.

  Because of my interest in the reality behind the myth, I do not write fantasy (and in spite of the covers you may find on my books, I don’t write “women’s romance” either). There’s plenty of superstition among my characters, and more than enough love to go around, but if you are looking for a sword-and-sorcery epic, this is certainly not the book for you.

  On the other hand, if you want a smashing good story filled with archetypical characters going off on great quests, following noble causes, espousing the need for honor and courtesy, and developing into a fine Fellowship—as well as engaging in duplicity, chicanery, villainy, incest, matricide, and terrible betrayals, both personal and political…you’ll find the tales of Arthur’s Round Table have been providing all this and more for hundreds of years. I know of no other single story cycle which offers a broader range of characters and endeavors, or a deeper look into the troubled heart of humanity.

  This is one of the reasons I have chosen to tell the tale through the eyes of Arthur’s wife, Guinevere. It seems clear that although women look at the same events as men, they see very different things. In the past men told tales that focused on who was the bloodiest, who was the bravest, and who made off with the loot (or the crown or the lady), whereas women tended to tell who did what to whom, why they did it, and how it will affect the rest of the tribe. I felt it was time we took a new look at this old story through the eyes of a real woman, and who better to see, know, and understand the characters of the Round Table than the much-loved Queen at the heart of it?

  Although it has recently been popular to make Guinevere a scapegoat for the fall of the Round Table, my research back through the literature of the Matter of Britain (as the collected stories of Arthur are called) clearly showed that whatever else was laid at Gwen’s doorstep, she was always seen as the gracious and caring Queen. In the medieval stories she is sometimes referred to as “Guinevere the gay” and is credited with bringing high spirits and playfulness to the Court. At no point does Arthur consider putting her aside because she can’t have children, and it is clear that there are almost as many who side with her and Lancelot as with Arthur at the end. Naturally I have built on that and (I hope) made her a lively and admirable character in her own right.

  This is the last volume of a trilogy, and while each book stands alone, I’d like to summarize the first two for those who haven’t read them.

  The first book, Child of the Northern Spring, details Arthur’s rise to power and Gwen’s childhood. I deliberately made her a feisty northern girl who doesn’t see any reason why she has to learn to wear dresses, speak Latin, and go south to marry that king. By giving her a rough, tomboy background, I made sure she’d be looking at her new husband’s world with fresh eyes.

  In Queen of the Summer Stars, Gwen gradually grows into her role of queen and co-ruler with Arthur as the Round Table develops and the classic characters gather at Camelot’s Court.

  Now, in this book, Gwen and the rest of the cast each confront his or her moira—or fate—and, like human beings everywhere, try to do the best they can under the circumstances they find themselves in. Given the full range of characters and the scope of their dreams or disillusionments, it’s a very heady mixture.

  If Arthur and Guinevere lived, it would have been sometime between AD 450 and 550, during the era commonly referred to as the Dark Ages. This was a period of vast upheaval and great excitement, when the Roman world was being challenged—and in some cases swallowed up—by the barbarian societies that were sweeping over it. Most of Europe was in political chaos as wave after wave of Goths, Visigoths, Vandals, Alans, Franks, Angles, Saxons, and various other uncivilized (literally, “non-city dwelling”) peoples moved westward, each displacing the tribes in front of them. Both historically and traditionally, the only serious effort made to stop them was that mounted by the Britons, and who is to say that their leader was not a noble king named Arthur Pendragon, who seated his allies in a circle and tried to salvage some semblance of civilized behavior from the tide of barbarian anarchy that was flooding Europe.

  In the end, of course, it was the barbaric Saxons who won, driving the remnants of Arthur’s Britons into the Welsh mountains where they kept alive the story of their last great king in folktales for some five hundred years. When these were eventually discovered by the French bards on the Continent, they became the source for all sorts of improvising, and the Arthurian Romances were born. These stories were written for and enjoyed by a medieval Christian audience and provide many of the tales that we think of as traditional today. (It is also this French connection that leads everyone to think of the characters as wearing shiny fourteenth-century armor and high, peaked hats with veils, though the real people would probably have been wearing mail and tunics or even togas.)

  But even as the new Christian stories grew, the bards were incorporating shadows of the culture that had surrounded the original Arthur, probably without even realizing it. For instance, the old Celts were, according to the historians of Caesar’s time, head-hunters. Nowhere is it actually said that Arthur and his crew indulged in that practice, but anyone who reads Malory, for instance, can’t help but notice how many times one of the heroes whacks off someone’s head and goes running off with it.

  Then, too, fifth-century Christianity took several different forms. In Rome, the church hierarchy was based on the urban political structure—many laymen looked to a few priests who looked to their single local bishop, just as plebians looked to senators who looked to the emperor or king. But in both Britain and Ireland, where Celtic Christianity flourished, there were few cities, and the religion evolved around individual holy men who wandered the countryside, like St. Patrick. The prevalence of hermits in the Arthurian stories may well be a shadow of that Dark Age time. By the same token, the Grail Quest, which originated in British stories, reflects the individual’s search for meaning rather than acceptance of Church-promoted dogma. Interestingly, the Church has never accepted the Grail story.

  People often ask me how much research I do. The answer is, a lot. I’ve made five trips to Britain, both
to explore the land and to collect books on flora and fauna. I’ve hiked innumerable Roman ruins, on the assumption that if I can still see them in the twentieth century, Gwen would have seen them in the sixth; stood on the remains of ancient hill-forts and tried to imagine the layout of thatched roundhouses and square, timbered halls; and mined legend, archaeology, and common sense for explanations of why various characters did what they did in the legends.

  There are a few oddities I’d like to clear up. For instance, the eulogy of Urien which I have given to Taliesin may, or may not, have been composed by a different bard of the same era. However, it so eloquently captures the loss felt by the followers of a well-loved warlord, I decided to include it along with excerpts from Taliesin’s Battle of the Trees and The Spoils of Annwn.

  Sometimes research puts the author in a quandary. For example, the Cheviot Hills of Northumbria have been famous as rounded, wind-swept grasslands for roughly a thousand years—but in the time I am writing about, they would have been covered with forest. Whenever I came up against such conflicts, I tended to go with what the modem reader would know or understand. In the same way, I have used modern place names rather than the old Roman names, simply because they are easier for the contemporary reader to follow.

  In some cases I’ve given a complimentary nod not only to the medieval Romances of Arthur, but also to earlier sources of a particular story. The tale of Uwain is one such case. He is often called the Knight of the Lion because of having cured a lion who was bitten by an adder, after which the creature was his friend for life. Clearly lions did not inhabit Europe during the sixth century, but I used that little reference to make him a veterinarian as well as a warlord and paid quiet homage to the first-century version of the lion story by including the detail of a thorn that Uwain removes.

  Over the centuries many a bard has earned a good dinner by telling the stories of Arthur and Guinevere. I probably owe a debt to every one of them, but in particular I would like to mention those whose recent works have specifically inspired this present volume. First off is Phyllis Ann Karr, who so graphically portrayed Mordred’s heartache and Cei’s stoicism in her wonderful novel, Idylls of the Queen. I also found The King Arthur Companion, which she compiled with such wit and erudition, to be invaluable.